from
Gustav Seibt
November 9th is an ambivalent day in the German historical calendar, everyone knows that. The proclamation of the republic in 1918, the Hitler putsch in 1923, the pogrom night of 1938 and the opening of the Berlin Wall in 1989 coincided with this date. The first three events are related, because the German right and the National Socialists saw the establishment of the republic at the moment defeat at the end of World War I as a crime, even a cause of defeat. The national dictatorship should undo this “November crime”. The riots of 1938 developed from evenings of camaraderie, which were reminiscent of the failed attempt in 1923.