Shadow fleets: How Russia avoids sanctions with oil transfers off Greece – and fills its war chest

Russia relies on shadow fleets and the concealment of its oil transactions to avoid sanctions. New data on international shipping traffic shows that India in particular imported Russian oil on a massive scale in 2023.

Russia relies on shadow fleets and the concealment of its oil transactions to avoid sanctions. New data on international shipping traffic shows that India in particular imported Russian oil on a massive scale in 2023.