Nicht verpassen: Der Strawberry Supermoon

Der nächste Vollmond ist der Strawberry Supermoon; der Met, Honig oder Rosenmond; der Blumen-, Heiß-, Hack- oder Pflanzmond; MwSt. Purnima; Poson Poya; und der LRO-Mond.

Viele Kulturen, die weit in die Geschichte zurückreichen, haben unterschiedliche Namen für die zwölf Vollmonde, die jedes Jahr erlebt werden. Oft klingen die Namen der Vollmonde im wahrsten Sinne des Wortes bunt, wie etwa der Name „Strawberry Supermoon“, wo man sich leicht so etwas wie im Konzept des Künstlers oben vorstellen kann.

Die Namen basieren jedoch normalerweise nicht auf einer Farbe, sondern sind oft Namen für eine Aktivität, die zu dieser Jahreszeit stattfindet. Der Name „Strawberry Moon“ kommt zum Beispiel von den indianischen Algonquin-Stämmen, die im heutigen Nordosten der Vereinigten Staaten leben, und von der relativ kurzen Erntesaison für Erdbeeren in der Region.

Dieser Strawberry Moon ist ein besonderer Leckerbissen, denn es ist kein gewöhnlicher Vollmond, sondern ein Supermond. Dies geschieht, wenn die Umlaufbahn des Mondes der Erde am nächsten ist und uns einen größeren, helleren Vollmond präsentiert.

Der nächste Vollmond wird am Dienstagmorgen, dem 14. Juni 2022, gegenüber der Sonne in erdbasierter Länge um 7:52 Uhr EDT erscheinen. Dies ist für die Zeitzone der Internationalen Datumsgrenze West der späte Montagabend, für viele der Zeitzonen auf der Erde der Dienstag und der Mittwochmorgen von der Chatham-Standardzeitzone nach Osten bis zur Internationalen Datumsgrenze. Der Mond wird um diese Zeit herum etwa drei Tage lang voll erscheinen, von Sonntagabend bis Mittwochmorgen.

Ein Mond, viele Namen

In den 1930er Jahren begann der Maine Farmer’s Almanac, Namen der amerikanischen Ureinwohner für Vollmonde zu veröffentlichen. Laut diesem Almanach nannten die Algonquin-Stämme im heutigen Nordosten der Vereinigten Staaten dies den Erdbeermond. Der Name kommt von der relativ kurzen Erntesaison für Erdbeeren in der Region.

Ein alter europäischer Name für diesen Vollmond ist Mead oder Honey Moon. Met ist ein Getränk, das durch Fermentieren von Honig mit Wasser und manchmal mit Früchten, Gewürzen, Getreide oder Hopfen hergestellt wird. In einigen Ländern wird Met auch Honigwein genannt (obwohl in anderen Honigwein anders hergestellt wird). Einige Schriften deuten darauf hin, dass die Zeit gegen Ende Juni war, als der Honig erntereif war, was diesen Mond zum „süßesten“ Mond machte. Das Wort „Flitterwochen“ geht in Europa mindestens bis ins 16. Jahrhundert zurück. Die Tradition, den ersten Monat der Ehe „Flitterwochen“ zu nennen, kann mit diesem Vollmond verbunden sein, weil der Brauch, im Juni zu heiraten, oder weil der „Flitterwochen“ der „süßeste“ Mond des Jahres ist. Es scheint keine Beweise zu geben, die eine Theorie aus dem 19. Jahrhundert stützen, dass das Wort ins Englische durch den Brauch gelangt ist, Frischvermählten Met für ihren ersten Monat der Ehe zu schenken.

Ein anderer europäischer Name für diesen Vollmond ist der Rosenmond. Einige Quellen weisen darauf hin, dass der Name „Rose Moon“ von den Rosen stammt, die zu dieser Jahreszeit blühen. Andere geben an, dass der Name von der Farbe des Vollmonds herrührt. Die Umlaufbahn des Mondes um die Erde liegt fast in der gleichen Ebene wie die Umlaufbahn der Erde um die Sonne (nur etwa 5 Grad abweichend). Zur Sommersonnenwende steht die Sonne das ganze Jahr über am höchsten am Himmel. Vollmonde stehen der Sonne gegenüber, daher steht ein Vollmond nahe der Sommersonnenwende tief am Himmel. Besonders in den höheren Breiten Europas scheint der Vollmond bei niedrigem Stand durch mehr Atmosphäre, wodurch es wahrscheinlicher wird, dass er eine rötliche Farbe hat (aus den gleichen Gründen, aus denen Sonnenaufgänge und Sonnenuntergänge rot sind). Für das Gebiet von Washington, DC, wird der Vollmond am Morgen des 15. Juni 2022 um 1:56 Uhr EDT nur 23,3 Grad über dem südlichen Horizont erreichen, der niedrigste Vollmond des Jahres.

Andere saisonale Namen für diesen Vollmond, die ich in verschiedenen Quellen gefunden habe (manchmal mit widersprüchlichen Informationen darüber, ob sie europäischen oder indianischen Ursprungs sind), sind Flower Moon, Hot Moon, Hoe Moon und Planting Moon.

Für Hindus ist dies Vat Purnima. Während der drei Tage dieses Vollmonds zeigen verheiratete Frauen ihre Liebe zu ihren Ehemännern, indem sie einen zeremoniellen Faden um einen Banyanbaum binden. Die Feier basiert auf der Legende von Savitri und Satyavan.

Für Buddhisten ist dies Poson Poya. Der Poson-Feiertag in Sri Lanka feiert die Einführung des Buddhismus im Jahr 236 v.

Ein anderer Stamm hat diesem Vollmond auch einen Namen gegeben. Dieser Stamm ist heute verstreut, lebt aber hauptsächlich in der mittelatlantischen Region der Vereinigten Staaten. Die Sprache dieses Stammes ist hauptsächlich Englisch, aber mit einem großzügigen Hauch von Akronymen, geheimnisvollen wissenschaftlichen und technischen Begriffen und hawaiianischen Ausdrücken (freudlich beigetragen vom ehemaligen stellvertretenden Projektmanager). Dieser Stamm, der sich aus Menschen mit unterschiedlichem Hintergrund zusammensetzt, von denen sich viele anderen Stämmen angeschlossen haben, widmete sich dem Studium des Mondes. Dieser Stamm nennt den Vollmond im Juni den LRO-Mond, zu Ehren der Raumsonde, die sie am 18. Juni 2009 zum Mond starteten. Der Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter der NASA umkreist immer noch den Mond und liefert Erkenntnisse über unseren nächsten himmlischen Nachbarn, von denen einige uns helfen, unsere zu verstehen eigenen Planeten.

Der Erdbeer-Supermond

Das wird ein Supermond. Der Begriff „Supermoon“ wurde 1979 vom Astrologen Richard Nolle geprägt und bezieht sich entweder auf einen Neu- oder Vollmond, der auftritt, wenn sich der Mond innerhalb von 90 % des Perigäums befindet, seiner größten Annäherung an die Erde. Da wir keinen Neumond sehen können (außer wenn er vor der Sonne vorbeizieht), haben die Vollmonde in den letzten Jahrzehnten die Aufmerksamkeit der Öffentlichkeit auf sich gezogen, da dies die größten und hellsten Vollmonde des Jahres sind. Da das Perigäum mit jeder Umlaufbahn variiert, verwenden verschiedene Veröffentlichungen unterschiedliche Schwellenwerte für die Entscheidung, welche Vollmonde als Supermond gelten, aber alle stimmen darin überein, dass sich im Jahr 2022 die Vollmonde im Juni und Juli qualifizieren.

Der Mond und Kalender

In vielen traditionellen Mond- und Lunisolarkalendern fallen Vollmonde in die Mitte der Mondmonate. Dieser Vollmond liegt in der Mitte des fünften Monats des chinesischen Kalenders, Sivan im hebräischen Kalender und Dhu al-Qadah im islamischen Kalender (einer der vier heiligen Monate, in denen Kriegsführung verboten ist).

Wie üblich wird zu Ehren des Vollmonds das Tragen einer angemessen festlichen himmlischen Kleidung empfohlen.

Hier ist eine Zusammenfassung der himmlischen Ereignisse zwischen jetzt und dem übernächsten Vollmond (mit Zeiten und Winkeln basierend auf dem Ort von[{” attribute=””>NASA Headquarters in Washington, D.C.):

As spring ends and summer begins, the daily periods of sunlight reach their longest on the solstice and begin shortening again. The solar days (as measured, for example, from solar noon to solar noon on a sundial) are longer than 24 hours near the solstices, so the earliest sunrises of the year occur before the summer solstice and the latest sunsets of the year occur after the solstice.

This year, Monday and Tuesday, June 13 and 14, 2022, are tied for the earliest sunrises of the year, with sunrise at 5:42:11 a.m. EDT and morning twilight starting at 4:30 a.m. On Tuesday, June 14 (the day of the full moon), morning twilight will begin at 4:30 a.m., sunrise will be one of these earliest sunrises at 5:42 a.m., solar noon will be at 1:08:24 p.m. when the Sun will reach its maximum altitude of 74.41 degrees, sunset will be at 8:35 p.m., and evening twilight will end at 9:47 p.m.

The summer solstice will be on Tuesday morning, June 21, at 5:13 a.m. On the day of the solstice, morning twilight will begin at 4:31 a.m., sunrise will be at 5:43 a.m., solar noon will be at 1:09:49 p.m. when the Sun reaches its highest for the year at 74.56 degrees, sunset will be at 8:37 p.m. (making this the longest period from sunrise to sunset, 14 hours, 53 minutes, 42.1 seconds), and evening twilight will end at 9:49 p.m. Monday and Tuesday, June 27 and 28, are tied for the latest sunsets of the year, with sunset at 8:37:29 p.m. By Wednesday, July 13 (the day of the full moon after next), morning twilight will begin at 4:43 a.m., sunrise will be at 5:54 a.m., solar noon will be at 1:13:53 p.m. when the Sun will reach its maximum altitude of 72.87 degrees, sunset will be at 8:34 p.m., and evening twilight will end at 9:44 p.m.

Evening Sky Highlights

On the evening of Tuesday, June 14, 2022, (the day of the full moon) as evening twilight ends at 9:47 p.m. EDT, the rising full moon will appear 3 degrees above the southeastern horizon. The bright star appearing closest to overhead will be Arcturus at 70 degrees above the southern horizon. Arcturus, the 4th brightest star in our night sky, is about 37 light-years from Earth and nearly the same mass as our Sun, but older. Arcturus has used up its core hydrogen and become a red giant, swelling to about 25 times its previous size and shining about 170 times brighter than the Sun. Our Sun is about halfway through this lifecycle and is expected to become a red giant in about 5 billion years.

As the lunar cycle progresses the background of stars will appear to shift westward each evening (although it is actually the Earth that is moving around the Sun toward the East). The waxing Moon will pass near the bright stars Pollux on June 30, Regulus on July 2 and 3, Spica on July 7, and Antares on July 10, 2022.

By the evening of Wednesday, July 13, 2022, as evening twilight ends (at 9:44 p.m. EDT), the full moon will appear 5 degrees above the southeastern horizon. Two bright stars will be tied for closest to overhead, with Vega 60 degrees above the east-northeastern horizon and Arcturus 59 degrees above the west-southwestern horizon. Vega, the 5th brightest star in our night sky, is about 25 light-years from Earth. Vega is about twice the mass of our Sun but shines 40 times brighter.

Morning Sky Highlights

On the morning of Tuesday, June 14, 2022, (the day of the full moon), as morning twilight begins (at 4:30 a.m. EDT), four of the five visible planets will appear in a line above the east-southeastern horizon, with Saturn to the upper right at 35 degrees above the south-southeastern horizon, Jupiter at 29 degrees above the east-southeastern horizon, Mars at 25 degrees above the east-southeastern horizon, and Venus to the lower left at 6 degrees above the east-northeastern horizon. About 6 minutes after morning twilight begins, Mercury will rise above the east-southeastern horizon, appearing nearly as bright as Mars and Saturn. With Mercury joining the lineup of planets to the lower left of Venus, we will be able to see all six of the visible planets at the same time, with all but the Earth (which we can see all the time) lined up from the lower left to upper right in order of their distance from the Sun. The full moon will appear 8 degrees above the southwestern horizon.

The “Summer Triangle” will be overhead, with the bright star Deneb appearing closest to overhead at 83 degrees above the north-northwestern horizon. Deneb is about 20 times more massive than our Sun but has used up its hydrogen and expanded into a blue-white supergiant with a diameter about 200 times that of our Sun. If Deneb were in the same place as our Sun, it would extend to about the orbit of the Earth. Deneb is about 2,600 light-years from Earth and is the 19th brightest star in our night sky.

As the lunar cycle progresses, the background of stars along with Jupiter, Saturn, and Mars will appear to shift westward each morning, although Mars will appear to shift more slowly. Venus will appear to shift the opposite way, closer to the eastern horizon each morning. For a few days around June 25 the planet Mercury will appear slightly above the east-northeastern horizon at the time morning twilight begins, so mornings in late June should be a good time to look for the visible planets in the sky lined up in order of their distance from the Sun. The waning Moon will pass near the planets Saturn on June 18, Jupiter on June 21, Mars on June 22 and 23, Venus on June 26, and Mercury on June 27, 2022.

By the morning of Wednesday, July 13, 2022, (the day of the full moon after next), as morning twilight begins (at 4:43 a.m. EDT), four of the five visible planets will appear in a line across the sky, with Saturn to the upper right at 34 degrees above the south-southwestern horizon, Jupiter at 48 degrees above the southeastern horizon, Mars at 39 degrees above the east-southeastern horizon, and Venus to the lower left at 7 degrees above the east-northeastern horizon. Mercury will no longer be visible in the glow of dawn, as it will rise less than 30 minutes before sunrise. The full moon will appear 4 degrees above the southwestern horizon. Deneb will still be the bright star appearing closest to overhead at 64 degrees above the west-northwestern horizon.

Detailed Daily Guide

Here is a more detailed, day-by-day listing of celestial events between now and the full moon after next. The times and angles are based on the location of NASA Headquarters in Washington, D.C., and some of these details may differ for your location.

June 9-10

On Thursday night into early Friday morning, June 9 to 10, 2022, the bright star Spica will appear about 7 degrees to the lower left of the waxing gibbous moon. The Moon will appear about 45 degrees above the south-southwestern horizon as evening twilight ends (at 9:44 p.m. EDT). Spica will set first below the west-southwestern horizon about 5 hours later (on Friday morning at 2:46 a.m.).

June 12-13

On Sunday night into Monday morning, June 12 to 13, 2022, the bright star Antares will appear about 8 degrees to the lower left of the nearly full waxing gibbous moon. The Moon will appear about 23 degrees above the south-southeastern horizon as evening twilight ends (at 9:46 p.m. EDT). The Moon will reach its highest in the sky for the night 2 hours later at 11:46 p.m. By the time morning twilight begins Monday morning at 4:30 a.m., Antares will appear to the left of the Moon and the pair will be about 10 minutes from setting on the west-southwestern horizon. By Monday evening, as evening twilight ends, the Moon will have shifted to the other side of Antares. Antares will appear 8 degrees to the upper right of the Moon and the pair will separate as Monday night progresses.

June 13-14

For the Washington, D.C. area (and similar latitudes), the mornings of Monday and Tuesday, June 13 and 14, 2022, are tied for the earliest sunrise of the year. For the location of NASA Headquarters, morning twilight will start at 4:30 a.m. EDT and sunrise will be at 5:42:11 a.m. While the summer solstice is the day of the year with the longest period of daylight, the solar days near the solstice are longer than 24 hours, so the earliest sunrises of the year occur before and the latest sunsets occur after the summer solstice.

June 14: Next Full Moon

As mentioned above, the next full moon will be Tuesday morning, June 14, 2022, at 7:52 a.m. EDT. Less than 12 hours later, at 7:24 p.m., the Moon will be at perigee, its closest to the Earth for this orbit. This full moon is near enough to perigee to be a supermoon.

With the Moon appearing full from Sunday night through Wednesday morning, the full moon on Tuesday evening into Wednesday morning, June 14 to 15, 2022, will be the lowest full moon of the year, reaching only 23.3 degrees above the horizon Wednesday morning at 1:56 a.m. EDT.

June 16

Thursday morning, June 16, 2022, will be when the planet Mercury reaches its greatest angular separation from the Sun as seen from the Earth for this apparition (called greatest elongation), appearing half-lit through a large enough telescope. Because the angle of the line between the Sun and Mercury and the horizon changes with the seasons, the date when Mercury and the Sun appear farthest apart as seen from the Earth is not the same as when Mercury appears highest above the horizon before sunrise, which occurs 9 mornings later on June 25.

Our 24-hour day is based on the average length of a day throughout the year, but the actual length of a solar day varies (as measured for example from solar noon to solar noon) throughout the year. The period from solar noon on Saturday, June 18 to solar noon on Sunday, June 19, 2022, will be the longest solar day of this half of the year, a little over 13 seconds longer than 24 hours. This will not be the longest solar day of the year, as the solar days from November 17, 2022, to January 25, 2023, will be longer.

June 18

On Saturday morning, June 18, 2022, the planet Saturn will appear about 8 degrees to the upper left of the waning gibbous moon. The Moon will rise above the east-southeastern horizon around midnight (12:04 a.m. EDT) and morning twilight will begin around 4:30 a.m.

June 20

Monday, June 20, 2022, the waning Moon will appear half-full as it reaches its last quarter at 11:11 p.m. EDT when the Moon will be below the horizon.

June 21: Summer Solstice

On Tuesday morning, June 21, 2022, the bright planet Jupiter will appear about 6 degrees to the upper left of the waning half Moon. The Moon will rise above the eastern horizon after midnight at 1:32 a.m. EDT, and morning twilight will begin around 4:30 a.m.

Tuesday at 5:13 a.m. EDT will be the summer solstice, the astronomical end of spring, and the beginning of summer. On the day of the solstice, morning twilight will begin at 4:31 a.m., sunrise will be at 5:43 a.m., solar noon will be at 1:09:49 p.m. when the Sun will reach its highest for the year at 74.56 degrees, sunset will be at 8:37 p.m. (making this the longest period from sunrise to sunset, 14 hours, 53 minutes, 42.1 seconds), and evening twilight will end at 9:49 p.m.

June 22

Wednesday morning, June 22, 2022, the waning crescent moon will appear between the planets Jupiter and Mars. Mars will rise last above the eastern horizon well after midnight at 1:56 a.m. EDT, and the Moon will be 29 degrees above the east-southeastern horizon as morning twilight begins at 4:31 a.m.

June 23

On Thursday morning, June 23, 2022, the planet Mars will appear about 6 degrees to the upper right of the waning crescent Moon. The Moon will rise above the eastern horizon well after midnight at 2:19 a.m. EDT, and it will be 24 degrees above the eastern horizon as morning twilight begins at 4:31 a.m.

June 25

As twilight begins Saturday morning, June 25, 2022, the planet Mercury will barely clear the east-northeastern horizon, but this will be its highest for this apparition. Since Mercury will be bright enough to be visible as it rises even after morning twilight begins, mornings in late June should be a good time to look for all five of the visible planets lined up in the sky in order of their distance from the Sun (with one more planet visible beneath your feet).

June 16

On Sunday morning, June 26, 2022, the bright planet Venus will appear about 5 degrees to the right of the thin, waning crescent moon. Venus will rise above the east-northeastern horizon at 3:50 a.m. EDT, less than an hour before morning twilight begins, and it will be 7 degrees above the horizon when morning twilight begins at 4:32 a.m.

June 27

Monday morning, June 27, 2022, the planet Mercury will rise above the east-northeastern horizon about 4 degrees to the lower right of the thin, waning crescent Moon, just as morning twilight begins at 4:31 a.m. EDT. You might be able to see this pair low on the horizon before the sky becomes too bright with the dawn.

For the Washington, D.C .area and similar latitudes, Monday and Tuesday, June 27 and 28, 2022, are tied for the latest sunset of the year, with sunset at 8:37:29 p.m. EDT.

June 28

Tuesday evening, June 28, 2022, at 10:52 p.m. EDT, will be the new moon, when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun and will not be visible from the Earth.

June 29

Wednesday morning, June 29, 2022, at 2:09 a.m. EDT, the Moon will be at apogee, its farthest from the Earth for this orbit.

The day of, or the day after, the new moon marks the start of the new month for most lunisolar calendars. The sixth month of the Chinese calendar starts on Wednesday, June 29, 2022 (at midnight in China’s time zone, which is 12 hours ahead of EDT). Sundown on Wednesday, June 29, marks the start of Tammuz in the Hebrew calendar.

In the Islamic lunar calendar, the months traditionally start with the first sighting of the waxing crescent Moon. Many Muslim communities now follow the Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia, which uses astronomical calculations to start months in a more predictable way. Using this calendar, sundown on Wednesday evening, June 29, 2022, will probably mark the beginning of Dhu al-Hijjah, although this is one of four months for which the calendar dates are often adjusted by the religious authorities of Saudi Arabia after actual sightings of the lunar crescent. Dhu al-Hijjah is the twelfth and final month of the Islamic year. It is one of the four sacred months during which fighting is forbidden. Dhu al-Hijjah is the month of the Hajj and the Festival of the Sacrifice. Making the Hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in your life is one of the Five Pillars of Islam.

June 30

On Thursday evening, June 30, 2022, as twilight ends t 9:49 p.m. EDT, you might be able to see the bright star Pollux about 8 degrees to the right of the thin, waxing crescent Moon, which will be 2 degrees above the northwestern horizon, setting less than 15 minutes later.

July 2

On Saturday evening, July 2, 2022, the bright star Regulus will appear about 8 degrees to the left of the thin, waxing crescent moon. The Moon will be 16 degrees above the west-northwestern horizon as evening twilight ends at 9:49 p.m. EDT, and Regulus will set first less than 1.5 hours later at 11:15 p.m.

July 3

On Sunday evening, July 3, 2022, the bright star Regulus will appear about 8 degrees to the lower right of the thin, waxing crescent Moon. The Moon will be 22 degrees above the western horizon as evening twilight ends at 9:49 p.m. EDT, and Regulus will set first less than 1.5 hours later at 11:11 p.m.

July 4: Independence Day

Monday morning, July 4, 2022, at 3:10 a.m. EDT, the Earth will be at aphelion, its farthest away from the Sun in its orbit, 3.4% farther away than it was at perihelion in early January. Since the intensity of light changes as the square of the distance, sunlight reaching the Earth at aphelion is about 6.5% less bright than sunlight reaching the Earth at perihelion.

July 6

On Wednesday, July 6, 2022, the Moon will appear half-full as it reaches its first quarter at 10:14 p.m. EDT (when the Moon will be 29 degrees above the west-southwestern horizon).

July 7-8

On Thursday evening into early Friday morning, July 7 to 8, 2022, the bright star Spica will appear about 5 degrees to the lower right of the waxing gibbous moon. The Moon will be 34 degrees above the southwestern horizon as evening twilight ends at 9:47 p.m. EDT, and Spica will set first below the west-southwestern horizon after midnight at 12:56 a.m.

July 10-11

On Sunday evening into Monday morning, July 10 to 11, 2022, the bright star Antares will appear about 4 degrees to the lower right of the waxing gibbous moon. The Moon will be 26 degrees above the east-northeastern horizon as evening twilight ends at 9:46 p.m. EDT, will reach its highest in the sky for the night about 40 minutes later at 10:28 p.m., and Antares will set first below the west-southwestern horizon a little more than 4 hours after that at 2:51 a.m.

Monday morning, July 11, 2022, is likely the last morning that Mercury might be visible in the glow of dawn for this apparition, as it will rise above the east-northeastern horizon at 5:20 a.m. EDT, just 32 minutes before sunrise at 5:52 a.m.

July 13: The Full Moon After Next

Wednesday morning, July 13, 2022, at 5:06 a.m. EDT, the Moon will be at perigee, its closest to the Earth for this orbit.

The full moon after next will be Wednesday afternoon, July 13, 2022, at 2:38 p.m. EDT. Since this is less than 10 hours after perigee, this too will be a supermoon. The Moon will appear full for about three days around this time, from early Tuesday morning through early Friday morning.