ULA’s new Vulcan Centaur rocket is transported to its launch pad at Cape Canaveral, Florida, on January 5, 2024 (AFP / CHANDAN KHANNA)
A brand new rocket is due to take off from Florida on Monday, with on board the first American device to attempt to land on the Moon in more than 50 years, this time developed by a private company.
The Vulcan Centaur rocket from the ULA industrial group, which brings together Boeing and Lockheed Martin, is due to make its very first flight from Cape Canaveral, lifting off the ground at 2:18 a.m. local Monday (07:18 GMT).
Operations to fill the vehicle with fuel began as planned a few hours before the launch, ULA announced Sunday evening.
The weather forecast is 85% favorable for takeoff on Monday, but it will be much less favorable for the following three days – possible fallback dates in the event of a postponement. If necessary, another shooting window will open on January 23.
The lander on board, named Peregrine, was developed by the start-up Astrobotic, with the support of NASA, which commissioned this company to transport scientific equipment to the Moon – a contract worth $108 million. .
The launch should inaugurate a series of missions supported by the American space agency, which wishes to rely partly on the private sector for its lunar ambitions.
If Astrobotic manages to land on the Moon as planned on February 23, it could become the first company to achieve this feat.
In recent years, Israeli and Japanese companies have attempted to land on the moon, but these missions have ended in crashes.
“Leading America’s return to the surface of the Moon, for the first time since Apollo, is a tremendous honor,” Astrobotic boss John Thornton said at a press conference on Friday. However, he said he was aware of the difficulty of the task and the risks of failure.
About 50 minutes after liftoff, Peregrine must separate from the rocket: Astrobotic will then power up the device and attempt to establish communication. If all goes well, the lander will then continue its route towards our natural satellite.
Once in lunar orbit, the probe will wait until the lighting conditions are right to attempt to land.
The targeted landing site is located on the visible side of the Moon, near mysterious domes formed by lava but which scientists struggle to explain.
Thanks to the instruments sent, NASA must study the composition of the surface, as well as the radiation.
– Human ashes –
The mission has also caused controversy because it carries the ashes or DNA of dozens of people, including those of Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry. A partnership with the Celestis company, specializing in “commemorative spaceflights”.
Astrobotic’s lander before being placed in ULA’s new Vulcan Centaur rocket, November 21, 2023 in Florida (NASA / -)
Sending these ashes to the Moon aroused the anger of the Navajo Native American tribe, who denounced the “desecration of a sacred place”, without however obtaining the postponement of the launch.
Vulcan Centaur, in development for around 10 years, represents “the future of the company”, underlined Mark Peller, vice-president of the ULA group.
The rocket (around 60 meters high) should allow it to replace its Atlas V and Delta IV launchers, and to compete with SpaceX with more affordable takeoffs.
ULA, which plans six Vulcan Centaur launches this year, subsequently wishes to recover its engines after each flight for even greater profitability.
– Lunar economy –
If NASA is only temporary for this mission, it nevertheless represents a major step for the agency, which seeks to encourage the development of a lunar economy.
The Vulcan Centaur rocket (AFP / Gal ROMA)
It has therefore signed a contract with several companies, including Astrobotic, to send scientific equipment to the Moon. The program, called CLPS, provides companies with crucial financing.
Another selected company, Intuitive Machines, is also scheduled to launch for the Moon in mid-February with a SpaceX rocket.
This new strategy should allow NASA “to make the trip more often, faster and cheaper,” explained Joel Kearns, a senior official within the space agency.
These missions studying the lunar environment should make it possible to prepare for the return of astronauts to the Moon, which NASA is planning with its Artemis program.
To date, only the United States, the Soviet Union, China and India have succeeded in landing a device on the Moon.
A mission from the Japanese space agency (Jaxa) is also due to attempt to land on the moon in about two weeks. Russia, for its part, spectacularly missed a moon landing this summer.