Unpleasant smells from the nose can indicate a disease: ozena. Discover what is behind this little-known disease.
The Illnessknown as “stinky nose” or ozena, mainly affects women and young people. Sufferers are affected by unpleasant odors from the nose, which are often first noticed by those around them.
Causes of a Stinky Nose: What is Ozäna?
Ozena is caused by an expansion of the nasal cavity. Privatdozent Dr. Jan Peter Thomas, senior physician at the ENT clinic at the St. Elisabeth Hospital of the University of Bochum, explains: “Paradoxically, those affected then have the feeling that they cannot breathe as well despite having a larger cavity.” There are various reasons for this expansion.
Primary ozena is characterized by a recession of the nasal mucosa. The secondary form can be caused by surgical interventions or diseases. Excessive use of nasal sprays can also lead to complications.
Signs and symptoms of a smelly nose
The symptoms of a smelly nose are varied. Those affected often report difficulty breathing through their nose. Dr. Thomas adds: “Some also report diffuse pressure in their head.” Other indicators can be:
- Formation of crusts and scabs in the nose
- Nosebleeds
- Limited sense of smell
- Bad smell from the nose
Bacteria can settle in the enlarged nasal cavity and form a slimy coating that is responsible for the unpleasant smell.
Diagnosis of the stink nose
In most cases, an endoscopic examination confirms the diagnosis. However, similar symptoms can also have other causes. In children, for example, a foreign body in the nose can be the trigger. Dr. Thomas warns: “If a child has foul-smelling pus running out of a nostril, it is often due to an inserted foreign body such as a pen cap.” In adults, sinus infections or tooth root problems can cause odors. In some cases, a tissue sample is required to rule out other diseases, such as a tumor in the nose, and to examine the nose for bacterial infections.
Treatment options for ozena
Treatment for ozena focuses on caring for the nose. Nasal ointments and nasal rinses with saline solutions can help soften crusts. A doctor can then suction out pus and remove crusts. Antibiotics are used for bacterial infections. Dr. Thomas advises: “In the case of extensive infections, it is best to test in advance on a swab which antibiotic works.”
Self-help for a smelly nose
There are some measures that those affected can take themselves:
- Use of nasal douches or saline nasal sprays
- Drink two to three liters of water daily
- Avoid dry indoor air, especially in winter
- Taking vitamin A, E and zinc
- Inhalation with mineral salt solutions
- Use of ointments and oils for nose care
If symptoms persist, a doctor should be consulted. He or she can decide on further treatment options. Caution is advised when using nasal sprays: not all nasal sprays are helpful for ozena. Sprays with a decongestant effect can even make the smelly nose worse. It is therefore important to make the right choice. (jbr)
This article only contains general information on the respective health topic and is therefore not intended for self-diagnosis, treatment or medication. It is in no way a substitute for a visit to the doctor. Our editorial team is not permitted to answer individual questions about medical conditions.